Volume rendered three-dimensional CT angiography for the diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm of the popliteal artery following knee arthroscopy.

To cite: Joshi D, Imam A. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2014-204442 DESCRIPTION A 24-year-old woman presented with a swollen right leg and a pulsatile lump in the popliteal fossa 3 days after a diagnostic knee arthroscopy. The CT arteriogram demonstrated a 6 cm pseudoaneurysm of the right popliteal artery (PA). There was early filling of the ipsilateral femoral vein with contrast medium, indicating an abnormal communication between the artery and the vein (figures 1 and 2). A volume rendered three-dimensional reconstruction of the axial images further helped to localise the exact site and size of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) as demonstrated in video 1. The